<language> (APL) A language designed originally by Ken Iverson at <a href="">Harvard Universitya> in 1957-1960 as a notation for the concise expression of mathematical <a href="">algorithmsa>. It went unnamed (or just called <a href="">Iverson's Languagea>) and unimplemented for many years. Finally a subset, APL360, was implemented in 1964. APL is an <a href="">interactivea> <a href="">array-orienteda> language and programming environment with many innovative features. It was originally written using a non-standard <a href="">character seta>. It is <a href="">dynamically typeda> with <a href="">dynamic scopea>. APL introduced several functional forms but is not {purely functional}. <a href="">Dyadic Systemsa> <a href="">APL/Wa> is one of the languages that will be available under <a href="">Microsofta>'s <a href="">.NETa> initative. <a href="">ISO 8485a> is the 1989 standard defining the language. Versions: APL360, APL SV, <a href="">Dyalog APLa>, VS APL, Sharp APL, Sharp APL/PC, APL*PLUS, APL*PLUS/PC, APL*PLUS/PC II, MCM APL, Honeyapple, DEC APL, Cognos {<a href="http://apl2000.com/">APL2000 (http://apl2000.com/)a>}, IBM <a href="">APL2a>. See also <a href="">Kamin's interpretersa>. <a href="">APLWEBa> translates <a href="">WEBa> to <a href="">APLa>. <a href="">Dijkstraa> said that APL was a language designed to perfection - in the wrong direction. ["A Programming Language", Kenneth E. Iverson, Wiley, 1962]. ["APL: An Interactive Approach", 1976]. (2004-02-13)

<language> An <a href="">APLa> extension from <a href="">IBMa> with nested <a href="">arraysa>. ["APL2 Programming: Language Reference", IBM, Aug 1984. Order No. SH20-9227-0]. (1995-11-29)

<language> Arguably the current (2001) market-leading implementation of <a href="">APLa>, from <a href="">Dyalog Limiteda>. Dyalog APL runs under <a href="">Windows 95a>, <a href="">Windows 98a>, <a href="">Windows NTa>, and <a href="">Windows 2000a>; and several popular <a href="">UNIXa> systems including <a href="">Linuxa>. Dyalog APL complies with <a href="">ISO 8485a> and has many features that make it good for complex <a href="">GUIa> applications. Dyalog APL was introduced in 1983 and is currently (2002) in active development. (2003-11-17)